Performance, emissions, and combustion characteristics of methane-diesel dual-fuel engines: A review

Methane is a popular alternative fuel for internal combustion engines due to its availability in many forms such as methane hydrates, natural gas, biogas, compressed liquid synthetic and pipe gas. can be effectively used existing diesel dual-fuel mode with few modifications. Dual-fuel technology helps bridge conventional gaseous fuel-powered engines. The properties of methane, including higher calorific value, abundant diffusion, wider flammability limit make it suitable improving the performance compression ignition engine mode. Methane-diesel are an effective reducing vehicle pollution partially replacing fuels transport applications. Therefore, comprehensive review needed document various pathways utilization This study critically compared combustion, noise, performance, emission characteristics methane-fueled identify current challenges future perspectives synergistic use reduce emissions from